Connect & Check
Define three concepts and explain why a pattern is not automatically a cause.
Explicit teaching
Resources affect opportunity
Money, housing and time can shape what learning support is available before a lesson begins.
Mechanisms must be explained
Do not just write “poverty causes low achievement”. Show the steps: cost, stress, absence, space, digital access or confidence.
Poverty is not destiny
Material disadvantage increases risk; it does not remove agency or make outcomes inevitable.
Institutions mediate effects
Schools, policies and teachers can reduce or intensify material barriers.
Choose your route
Access route
Highlight the key concepts and write one correct definition.
Scaffold route
Complete the chain: factor -> mechanism -> outcome -> limitation.
Core route
Write one developed explanation without sentence starters.
Stretch route
Compare two explanations and reach a qualified judgement.
Exam practice
Using material from Item A, analyse two ways material resources may affect educational achievement. [10 marks]